By John Addison (7/27/10) reporting from Plugin 2010 Conference

The Volt can be lease for as low as $350 for 36 months, with $2,500 due at lease signing; it can be purchased starting at $41,000. Back-up camera, premium leather, paint, and wheel options can take the price to $45,000 and a higher lease rate. This compares with the Nissan LEAF price of $32,780 to $33,720, and lease of $349 to $379.

Nissan announced a new 8 year / 100,000 mile warranty for the LEAF, matching the Volt warranty.

Starting today, participating Chevrolet dealers in launch markets will begin taking customer orders for the 2011 Chevrolet Volt in California, New York, Michigan, Connecticut, Texas, New Jersey and the Washington D.C. area.

Volt Costs $8,000 more than LEAF. How can they match lease?

To lower the lease rate to $350 per month, GM apparently is counting on capturing the $7,500 federal tax credit. Fair enough. Since the Volt costs $8,000 more than the LEAF, GM appears to be assuming a much higher residual value for the Volt. Some worry that those leasing could face a balloon payment at the end of the lease, or at least a high price to convert to a purchase. Recommended reading is Brad Berman’s article at PluginCars that discusses the low GM lease rate. GM’s Rob Peterson assures me that anyone ending a lease is very unlikely to face any balloon payment.

If you lease a Volt make sure that the dealer answers all your questions and consider getting financial advice. GM states that the lease, including security deposit based on current conditions, which could vary at time of delivery. The benefit of the $7,500 federal tax credit is included in the reduced lease payment, with the tax credit going to the lessor.  The Volt’s MSRP will start at $41,000 ($33,500 net of the full federal tax credit, which ranges from $0-$7,500) including a destination freight charge of $720. Customer deliveries of the Chevrolet Volt are scheduled to begin in launch markets late this year with initial production limited.

A Volt dealer locator will be available at http://www.getmyvolt.com. The dealer will begin the order process, which will be followed up by contact from a dedicated Volt advisor who will be available to answer any questions and keep the customer apprised of the progress of their order.

The Chevrolet Volt has a total driving range of about 340 miles and is powered by electricity at all times. For up to the first 40 miles, the Volt drives gas- and tailpipe-emissions-free using electricity stored in its 16-kWh lithium-ion battery. When the Volt’s battery runs low, a gas powered range-extending engine/generator seamlessly operates to extend the driving range another 300 miles on a full tank.

While the Chevrolet Volt will come standard with a 120-volt charge cord that will provide owners with the ability to charge their Volt directly from a standard home electrical outlet. 4,400 Volt buyers in launch markets could be eligible for a free 240-volt charging station, including home installation.  The installations are part of a program developed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to install approximately 15,000 240-volt home charging stations across the U.S.

Technologies Keep Volt Customers Connected

When it comes to advanced technology, Volt customers are on the leading edge. The 2011 Chevrolet Volt has standard technology features that link and entertain in innovative ways, starting with standard seven-inch touch screen navigation and an energy-efficient Bose premium audio system.

The Volt is the first GM vehicle to offer five years of OnStar Directions and Connections service, which includes Automatic Crash Response, stolen vehicle assistance and connected navigation, all standard.  Volt will expand on OnStar’s foundation of leading-edge safety and security technology through the introduction of an OnStar-enabled mobile app that connects the vehicle to the owner’s smartphone.

Volt owners will be provided outstanding battery and vehicle limited warranties. The Volt’s 16-kWh lithium-ion battery is covered by an industry-leading transferable warranty of eight years or 100,000 miles. In addition, Chevrolet will provide:

* 3-year / 36,000-mile bumper-to-bumper coverage
* 5-year / 100,000-mile roadside assistance and courtesy transportation
* 5-year/100,000-mile limited gas engine coverage
* 6-year/100,000-mile corrosion protection coverage

Top 10 Electric Car Makers

Chevy Volt $41,000 or $350 per Month is a post from: Clean Fleet Report

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• Top 10 Electric Car Makers for 2010 and 2011 (24)
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(7/26/10)

CT500 Level II Charging Stations for Residential and Light Commercial Use Coulomb’s Advanced ChargePoint Network

Coulomb Technologies today announced the availability of its residential charging stations for electric cars. Coulomb’s new CT500 Level II ChargePoint® Networked Charging Stations are designed for home and light commercial use. The announcement expands Coulomb’s spectrum of products for EVs from home to Level III fast charging stations. CT500 charging stations will be sold through Coulomb’s OEM and distribution channels. The ChargePoint Network is based on an open interface, standards-based architecture that provides station owners with a complete set of business applications to market and bill for electric transportation fueling services, and provides drivers with EV charging applications to make fueling easy.

The home charging announcement is timely. Nissan has received over 16,000 deposits for the LEAF, including one from me. We are getting recommendations to have Aerovironment inspect our garages and plan on average installation costs of $2,000 including electrical work. GE recently entered the smart charging competition with the GE WattStation EV Charger and will soon announce its home charger.

The CT500 charging station is a 7.2 kw single output station designed for residential and light commercial applications. The station delivers Level II (208/240 V @ 30 A) charging and is compatible with plug-in electric vehicles that comply with the SAE J1772™ plug-in electric vehicle-charging standard. The station’s small size and flexible network interfaces make it an ideal solution for utilities, homeowners, fleet managers, and auto manufacturers. The CT500 is compatible with Leviton’s recently announced innovative Evr-Green™ EVSE installation system. This industry-first prewire mounting system provides for simple plug-in installation for new charging stations.

Coulomb’s ChargePoint Network is open to all drivers of plug-in vehicles and provides authentication, management, and real-time control for the networked electric vehicle charging stations. The network of electric vehicle charging stations is accessible to all plug-in drivers by making a toll free call to the 24/7 number on each charging station, or signing up for a ChargePoint Network monthly access plan and obtaining a ChargePoint ChargePass™ smart card.

All Coulomb stations including the new home charger are network-enabled, capable of reporting energy usage and communicating over the network with Software Application Services and Network Support Services to activate capabilities such as:

Coulomb Announces New Home Charger for Electric Cars is a post from: Clean Fleet Report

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By John Addison (7/24/10)

Solar energy growth continues its strong growth. For the 30 years from 1979 to 2009, solar energy has grown 33 % CAGR (compound average growth rate). For this decade, over 40 percent is forecast. Although 2009 was hurt by a sever recession and difficulty in financing large projects, most additional power brought online in the United States, Europe, and much of Asia was renewables. 32 GW of solar power is installed globally; 7.2 GW was installed last year.

Yes, it is discouraging that U.S. electricity generation is dominated by coal and natural gas, and 97 percent of our transportation is from petroleum. The U.S. continues to spend over a trillion dollars of tax payer money each year subsidizing fossil fuels, covering health bills from pollution, and fighting wars to secure our oil supply. We suffer from our policies that support flattening mountains for coal, dangerously drilling our oceans for oil, and expanding highways instead of public transportation. Yet help is on the way as renewable energy continues to cleanly power more homes, workplaces, and rail transit. Public Transportation Renewable Energy Report

I joined 2,500 conference attendees at Intersolar North America, a premier exhibition for solar professionals. The co-located Intersolar North America and SEMICON West events, which took place this week in San Francisco, presented over 700 solar exhibitors to more than 20,000 trade visitors.

The exhibition took place at the Moscone Center, LEED certified conference center with 675 kW of solar on the roof (yes, I climbed on the roof and saw the acres of Sanyo and Shell solar panels). Equally impressive is the 80% improvement in energy efficient lighting at the conference center.

The Future is Europe buying U.S. innovation manufactured in Asia

Germany leads the world in buying most of each year’s solar production. German businesses and homeowners make money installing solar and then selling excess kilowatts with guaranteed feed-in tariffs (FIT). Although Germany is now reducing FIT rates, the cost of installing solar is dropping even faster. Germany will continue to lead in adding solar. With help from Italy and other countries, Europe will buy over 80% of solar PV in 2010. Only 6% of solar will be installed in the U.S., even though we have enough sunlight to power the entire nation.

An excellent summary of the solar market is Renewable Energy World’s Solar PV Market Analysis by Paula Mints, Navigant Consulting.

U.S. innovation has been a key driver for solar. First Solar’s CdTe thin film has brought manufacturing cost below $1.00 per watt. SunPower has achieved record 24% commercial efficiency. Key inventions of PV and semiconductors are from the U.S. Innovation continues everywhere from universities to venture backed start-ups. Optimistic presenters predicted that their technology would reach 50 cents per watt to make. Balance of system and installation costs could double or triple that number. A major issue for start-ups is difficulty in getting projects financed. Risk aversive lenders often prefer established companies who can back 20-year warranties, to start-ups with the perceived risk of staying in business 20 months. Installed PV is expected to drop from around $3 per watt today to $2 per watt in 2014.

Despite all the innovation taking place in the U.S., it is less expensive to manufacture in Asia. Navigant estimated that 77% of solar PV is made in Asia; only 5% in the U.S. Asia’s lead is likely to grow, with companies with integrated supply chains like Suntech and Sharp playing major roles.

PV growth is likely to be over 40% annually this decade. Solar is now 100X less than in the 1970s. The learning curve continues with costs falling 20% each time volume doubles. Industry leaders are squeezing out costs in everything from panels to paperwork, from inverters to mounting. Now, 95% of PV is grid connected, by 2014 it will be 97 to 99%.

By 2015, several researchers expect thin-film solar to reach about 30% of the market, but they expect silicon to continue to dominate. c-SI costs more per watt to make, but it is less expensive to install. Importantly, more efficient SI takes less space on roofs and in open areas. GTM also offers free summaries of a number of excellent solar research reports about silicon and thin-film PV. http://www.gtmresearch.com/list

Solar Growth Accelerates in Middle Markets

Several conference presenters examined the solar market in 4 categories:

• Residential < 100kW
• C&I (commercial, industrial) 100 kW to 2MW
• Utility DG (distributed e.g. commercial rooftops) 500 kW to 20 MW
• Utility CG (central) > 20MW

Several forecast that the highest U.S. growth in the middle categories of 100 kW to 20 MW. These segments appeal to electric utilities that face RPS requirements in 30 states. Commercial distributed solar is often well matched with the location of electricity demand, minimizing transmission and distribution investment. Transit operators including LA Metro, New Jersey Transit, and MARTA are among the dozens of agencies heavily investing in solar in the 100kW to MW category. Public Transportation Renewable Energy Report

Smaller residential solar in the U.S. has been seriously injured by the wonderful companies in the middle of the recent mortgage crisis, namely Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, who have stopped city PACE programs around the country that made residential solar affordable. If you want to laugh or cry about how the U.S. is giving the solar industry to Asia, take a look at PACE NOW.

Utilities will also continue to invest in large scale solar PV and concentrating solar power. In much of the U.S. large solar cannot compete with large-scale wind. There is 20 times as much wind power installed in the U.S. Utility-scale projects also face years of delays due to NIMBY (not-in-my-backyard) opposition to the renewable projects and the high-voltage lines needed to transmit power to major residential and industrial centers.

Intersolar Exhibitions and Conferences will take place in several locations over the next 12 months and return to San Francisco next July. In 2011, we are likely to see that solar grew strongly from rooftops to utility scale projects.

Truly impressive is solar energy’s decades of growth that exceeds 30 percent annually. Efficiency continues to improve and cost continues to fall. Energy is more secure as generation moves closer to consumption in homes, commercial centers, and transportation.

Solar Energy’s 33 Percent Annual Growth will Accelerate is a post from: Clean Fleet Report

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By John Addison (7/21/11).

Popular Smart Car with Tesla Lithium Batteries

The Smart Fortwo is popular with city drivers that need to avoid $25 daily parking fees by fitting in spots to small for others. In 2010, 250 battery electric Smart EDs will be put on the streets of U.S. cities. Early in 2012, Smart plans to make over 10,000 Smart Electric Drives for sales globally and be a major player in urban electric cars. The new Smart Electrics deliver an 80-mile range per charge with a 16.5kWh lithium ion battery pack that consists of 18,650 Tesla format cells. Daimler owns Smart, Mercedes, and about 5 percent of Tesla.

This week, I talked with Derek Kaufman, Vice President with smart USA and Doug Gold, Director Northwest Operations, and looked at the new Smart Fortwo Electric Drive. Battery range varies with driving conditions, so Smart estimates the range of this pure battery-electric at 84 miles per charge. In Portland, however, Derek drove the car 110 miles on one-charge, demonstrating that he has good driving skills. Both gave me details of the new car included in this report.

With only 16.5 kWh of lithium batteries, the Smart ED has about the same range as the Nissan Leaf with 24 kWh because the Smart weighs only about 2,000 pounds. With 50 percent less weight than Nissan, the car needs less batteries. This gives room for Smart to under price Nissan. Smart ED pricing has not been announced.

2010 United States Demonstration

This year, 250 smart electric cars will be put on the road in these U.S. geographies:

• Portland
• San Francisco
• Indianapolis
• Orlando / Tampa
• Washington DC / Boston

The pilot may be implemented as a 4-year lease, primarily to fleets, for about $600 per month. The pilot program will include electric utility partnerships, such as Duke Energy  in Indianapolis. The 250 electric cars for the U.S. in 2010, is part of a 1,000 to 1,500 electric car pilot globally.

In 2012 Smart Electric Drive to be Leased and Sold in Volume

In 2012, Smart will start making over 10,000 electric cars annually. If it succeeds as expected, the numbers could grow substantially in future years.

In a battle for urban parking spaces, the Smart Electric Drive will face serious competition from Toyota and Mitsubishi with their micro-compact electric cars. Market share will be fought with price and lease options.

The 2012 Toyota FT-EV will be commercially available before the 2013 Smart Fortwo Electric Drive, but the FT-EV  will have less range at about 50 miles per charge. Toyota will have a 70 mile per hour speed maximum, higher than advertised 62 mph for the Smart.

Electric Car Sharing

Daimler is now competing with Zipcar for long-term leadership in car sharing. In Austin, Texas, 500 Smart Fortwo gasoline cars are used by the day, the hour, or the minute. Uniquely, car share members can drive the car from one point and leave it at another. Daimler plans to expand the service nationwide and to include the new Smart Fortwo Electric Drive in the program. In Europe, Car2Go has piloted the Smart ED. In future years, the Electric will be included for U.S. Car2Go members. Daimler Car2Go Report

Electric Drive Specs

• 16.5 kWh Lithium Ion Battery Pack
  • 2010 18,650 Tesla Cells
  • 2013 could use Evonic (Daimler JV) Li-Tech Lithium Nickel Cells
• Energy Density 110 Wh/kg (could improve to 160 Wh/kg in future years)
• Zytek Permanent Magnet Motor 20kW constant / 30kW peak
• Single speed transmission 3.3 kW onboard charger / 13 amp
• J1772 Connector
• Level 2 charge 20-80% SOC 3 hours
• Level 1 charge 0-100% SOC 8 hours

Top 10 Electric Car Makers for United States Market

2010 Smart Fortwo Electric Drive is a post from: Clean Fleet Report

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By John Addison (updated 7/28/10; 7/20/10)

Honda Expands on All Fronts with Hybrids, Plug-in Hybrids, and Electric Car

In 2011 Honda will introduce a new Civic Hybrid using a new lithium-ion battery from Blue Energy, a joint venture company between GS Yuasa and Honda that will begin production of the battery at its plant in the latter half of this year. The lithium battery will be high-output, lighter weight than the older NiMH, and compact.

Honda hybrids increased to 16% of total Honda sales in Japan in 2009 in the middle of a severe recession. This hybrid financial success is encouraging Honda to become more aggressive about hybrid cars and plug-ins, especially in the face of Japanese competition from Toyota,  Nissan, and Mitsubishi.

Honda introduced new models equipped with Honda’s original lightweight and compact IMA hybrid system, namely Insight and CR-Z. The percentage of hybrid vehicle sales among all Honda vehicle sales in Japan increased to 16% in 2009.

The Honda Fit Hybrid will be introduced in Japan this fall, capitalizing on the success of the Fit. Honda will introduce multiple models, mainly small-sized vehicles, equipped with its IMA hybrid system in Japan next year.

Electric Car and Plug-in Hybrid

Honda Motor Co., Ltd., President and CEO Takanobu Ito in his mid-year address today announced that Battery-electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles will be introduced in the U.S. in 2012; with a demonstration program of the technologies beginning this year. By the end of 2010 and continuing through 2011, Honda will roll out a battery-electric vehicle demonstration program in the U.S. with participants, including:

• Stanford University
• Google
• City of Torrance, California

Last year, I saw a Honda concept vehicle that wowed drivers in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. Next year, Honda may begin sales of an electric car inspired by the EV-N concept design, with one seat in front and two in back.

The EV-N is a battery electric concept vehicle incorporated Honda’s own solar panels in to the roof of the concept, to charge the car while it is parked. Two of Honda’s U3-X, electric personal mobility devices are attached to the inside of each door. The two-door Concept is envisioned with a Lithium ion battery pack, and small electric motor for predominantly urban use.

The EV-N concept’s four-seat interior had adequate room due to a compact battery electric drivetrain. The seats had a mesh finish, both very light and easy to change. The interior used a minimal style, to reduce the weight of the vehicle, increasing range and performance.

The City of Torrance will receive a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle for evaluation by the end of 2010. A new plug-in hybrid system for mid-size to larger vehicles will be introduced in the U.S. market in 2012. Clean Fleet Report speculates that a potential plug-in hybrid platform is the beautiful Honda FXC Clarity. The Clarity already has an electric drive system and is the most technologically advanced fuel cell vehicle. A similar model could be offered with a small gasoline engine and gas tank, replacing the fuel cell and hydrogen tank. Honda could offer customers a choice between fuel cell and plug-in hybrid.

Clean Fleet Report predicts that the battery-electric car with be a smaller car for the urban environment designed to compete with the Toyota FT-EV and the Mitsubishi iMiEV.

The Blue Energy JV with Honda adds to the success of GS Yuasa which already has the Lithium Energy JV with Mitsubishi. The most popular electric car in Japan is the iMiEV. Mitsubishi expects to have sold 5,000 of these pure battery-electric cars by the end of this year.

Both Toyota and Ford have been implementing comprehensive plans to give customers a wide choice of hybrids, plug-in hybrids, and battery electric cars. Now Honda makes this competition much more interesting.

New 2011 Honda Civic Hybrid with Lithium Batteries is a post from: Clean Fleet Report

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By John Addison (7/20/10)

Tom Hanks has been driving the Toyota RAV4 EV for over ten years. When the Academy Award winning actor, director, producer, and electric vehicle driver wanted a second electric car for the household, however, he could not buy a new RAV4 EV. Toyota and all car makers in the U.S. had stopped making EVs. Instead, Tom Hanks purchased a Scion and had a specialty company, AC Propulsion, convert it into an electric vehicle, replacing the engine and drivetrain with an electric motor and electric drive system.

Jamie Knapp also drives a freeway speed Toyota RAV4 EV. The Toyota is charged with the 3.2 kW of solar power that graces Jamie’s house, providing for zero emission transportation. This beautiful electric vehicle is the primary car for Jamie and her husband. Jamie works at home writing about environmental and energy issues. She chairs a nonprofit group which has greatly contributed to reducing emissions – The Coalition for Clean Air. About twice monthly, Jamie needs to travel beyond the 80 mile range of her EV. Only in those situations does she use their second vehicle which is powered with gasoline.

In addition to being an environmental leader and a writer, Jamie is a musician. She has proven that an electric vehicle can have adequate storage. She has removed one of the back seats from her RAV to make room to carry everything she and her husband regularly need for gigs, including a complete PA system, multiple acoustic instruments, and an upright string bass.

TV stars Ed Begley and Rachelle Carson-Begley ride on sunlight. As a long-time champion of sustainability, Ed bought his first electric vehicle in 1970. Since 2002, Ed has been driving a Toyota RAV4 Electric Vehicle, which he charges with the solar power collected on his home’s roof. With over a 100-mile range, the RAV4 EV is perfect as the primary vehicle for Ed, his wife Rachelle, and their children. It is also large enough to carry all the home project materials and equipment used in their TV show. The couple also owns a Prius, which is handy for trips of hundreds of miles, and when he and his wife need a car at the same time. Ed also stays in shape with his other zero-emission vehicle – his bicycle.

You do not have to be famous to want an SUV that uses renewable energy instead of gasoline. Millions need a roomy vehicle and care about the future. Although dozens of new electric sedans, hatchbacks, and small urban cars are being introduced in the U.S., missing has been an SUV. Tesla, in partnership with Toyota, is bringing back the popular Toyota RAV 4EV. The SUV will have a new electric drive system and use a Tesla battery pack.

Tesla and Toyota signed an agreement to develop a new electric version of the RAV4, formalizing the announcement in May 2010 by CEOs Elon Musk and Akio Toyoda. With an aim to market the EV in the United States in 2012, prototypes will be made combining the Toyota RAV4 model with a Tesla electric powertrain. Tesla plans to produce and deliver a fleet of prototypes to Toyota for evaluation within this year. The first prototype has already been built and is now undergoing testing.

In May, Tesla and Toyota announced their intent to cooperate on the development of electric vehicles, parts, and production system and engineering support. Tesla seeks to learn and benefit from Toyota’s engineering, manufacturing, and production expertise, while Toyota aims to learn from Tesla’s EV technology, daring spirit, quick decision-making, and flexibility. Toyota is a 2 percent shareholder in Tesla.

Toyota and Tesla Bring Back RAV4 EV is a post from: Clean Fleet Report

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Update from the Plugin Conference (7/27/10)

Nissan made it official. The LEAF will include an 8 year, 100,000 mile warranty.

This matches the Chevy Volt and warranty plans by automakers such as Ford. The following article summarizes issues leading to Nissan’s decision.

By John Addison (7/19/10)

Nissan appears to be debating between offering a 5 year / 60,000 mile warranty for the Nissan LEAF, or an 8 year /100,000 mile warranty that matches GM’s offer for the Chevy Volt. Because lithium batteries are expensive, warranty decisions can make the difference between an automaker making and losing money on early electric car sales.

The stakes are higher for Nissan than for GM or Toyota. For the Nissan LEAF to deliver up to 100 mile range per charge, a 24 kWh of lithium battery pack is included, and a larger charge-discharge range is required than for plug-in hybrids with 40 mile and less electric range. Warranty decisions are not only major financial considerations for auto makers; they must also second guess future EPA and California ARB ZEV regulations.

Battery life is a function of cycle life. After a couple of thousand cycles, the battery delivers less range. Battery life is also affected by how people drive, whether the battery is fast-charged in minutes or charged in hours, and climate. GM’s Chevy Volt includes a 16 kWh battery for a 40 mile range; the Toyota PHV includes a 5 kWh battery for a 14 mile range.

The more batteries used, the great is an automaker’s need for a financial warranty reserve and the more it costs them to replace a pack. GM and Toyota have not announced prices for the plug-in hybrids. The Nissan LEAF starts at $32,780. If a customer is worried about battery life, they can lease a LEAF for $349 per month.

The LEAF uses a 24 kWh lithium-nickel-manganese polymer battery made in its joint venture with NEC, state of charge many need to be 80% of the battery to provide the 100 mile range. The Toyota Prius PHV uses a 5.2 kWh Panasonic lithium-ion battery, probably using 68% of the battery. The Chevy Volt uses a 16kWh LG Chem Compact Power manganese spinel li-polymer prismatic, probably using 55% of the battery.

Nissan Survey

Over 100,000 have completed their on-line form with Nissan, expressing interest in buying or leasing. Over 12,000 have made a deposit. Because my wife and I have made our $99 deposit towards ordering a LEAF, we received a survey from Nissan. Here are a few of the survey questions and statements:

After five years, the batteries will provide about 80% of their original capacity. Acquiring a Nissan LEAF involves some steps you may not be familiar with, such as having your home’s electrical system inspected and having a home charging station installed prior to taking delivery of the vehicle. MSRP is $32,780. With federal tax savings of $7,500, net price is $25,280.

Standard powertrain warranties vary both by manufacturer and by vehicle model. For example, the standard powertrain warranty for the Honda Civic is 5 years / 60,000 miles. For the Toyota Prius, the hybrid components are covered for 8 years / 100,000 miles. And Chevy just announced the battery of the Chevy Volt will be covered for 8 years / 100,000 miles.

If Nissan announced the standard warranty for the Nissan LEAF battery was 5 years / 60,000 miles, to what degree would you seriously consider purchasing or leasing the Nissan LEAF as your next vehicle?

If Nissan announced the standard warranty for the Nissan LEAF battery was 8 years / 100,000 miles, to what degree would you seriously consider purchasing or leasing the Nissan LEAF as your next vehicle?

Assume Nissan announced the standard warranty for the Nissan LEAF battery was 5 years / 60,000 miles. In addition, assume that Nissan offered an extended service contract at additional cost that extended coverage to 8 years / 100,000 miles. Thinking about the Nissan LEAF battery warranty, payment options $250 to more than $2,500.

The rate of battery capacity loss for the Nissan LEAF can vary by individual. For instance, more aggressive acceleration and braking, or extreme hot temperatures over 120 degrees, could cause a more rapid loss of capacity over time. Conversely, smooth driving, or moderate climate, could result in less capacity loss.

Assume the Nissan LEAF capacity is 80% after 5 years, or 70% after 8 years, on average, but could be higher or lower depending on these factors.

Race to Market

Early adopters like us will tolerate warranties of less than 8 years; mainstream buyers may not. Early Tesla enthusiasts forked over $100,000 for Roadsters with 3 year, 36,000 mile warranties, or paid extra $12,000 for extended warranties. Over time, automakers will face dropping lithium battery costs and have years of actual battery life data, enabling them to offer better warranties. When I bought a Toyota Prius in 2002, Toyota only warrantied the NiMH battery for 3 years. I could not buy an extended warranty for the battery. Toyota would not even give me a replacement cost. I bought the Prius despite all this. After 130,000 miles the NiMH battery was fine. I could have replaced it for $2,500 if needed.

The race for early market leadership is on between dozens of makers including Toyota, Tesla, Nissan, Ford, and GM. Initial purchase price will be a big factor in market leadership. Features and range will also be important. Toyota took the early hybrid lead with the Prius and continuous to be the dominate leader despite recalling millions of vehicles.

It will be tough to price aggressively and offering a long-life warranty for the expensive battery vehicles. Stay tuned for complete price and warranty announcements from the auto makers.

Top 10 Electric Car Makers in the United States Market

Nissan LEAF Battery Warranty is a post from: Clean Fleet Report

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GE CEO Jeff Immelt

By John Addison (7/13/10)

GE Smart Charging Stations for Electric Cars

General Electric intends to be the leader in smart grid charging of electric vehicles. GE’s Watt Station EV Charger was personally unveiled today by CEO Jeff Immelt. Globally, GE already helps thousands of electric utilities be more efficient in generating power and in distributing power. With a growing family of smart grid solutions including smart charging of vehicles, GE will help utilities lead in the intelligent generation, management, distribution, and use of energy. Mr. Immelt refers to this as Digital Energy.

After attending the presentation by Jeff Immelt and other luminaries, I was able to talk with Michael Mahan, GE’s Global Product Manager of EVSE.

The GE Watt Station is the first in a family of vehicle smart charging products and services from GE. It will be piloted this year at commercial sites and universities such as Purdue and the University of California San Diego. Within a couple of months we will see the announcement of a GE home plug-in car charger. These products will be made available commercially in 2011 simultaneously in all markets including the Americas, Europe, and Asia.

Although GE’s press release positioned the Watt Station as having a faster charging rate than some competitive offerings, this Level 2 220 volt / 32 amp smart charger delivers electrons at the same speed as other Level 2 chargers such as Coulomb Technologies, Aerovironment, and Ecotality. These competitors have the early lead in installing 15,000 charging stations in the United States. GE is taking a fast-follower strategy with the intent of being the market leader.

The Watt Station complies with J1772 smart charging standards. Its attractive design will appeal to consumers, with a simply friendly interface and retractable cord protected inside the supporting pole. The Watt Station is modular and upgradeable. It can be purchased with an optional credit card reader, or that can be added later. Watt Stations also have optional smart suite communications to utilize smart metering and wireless AMI.

Where GE does have competitive advantage is in its long-term relationship with utilities, its family of end-to-end system solutions, its partnerships, and its financial prowess. Communities littered with last decades charging stations, some no longer working from bankrupt companies will find comfort in the GE brand.

GE Provides Digital Energy End-to-End

As global electric utilities modernize and embrace the added opportunity of transportation that depends less of petroleum and inefficient engines, and more on electricity and efficient electric drive systems, GE can be a major partner. Electric vehicles can be smart charged with GE charging stations, managed with GE software services. Areas with high concentration of electric vehicles can turn to GE for new substations and distribution equipment. Power plants can be upgraded with the latest GE turbines, and supplemented with GE wind turbines, solar power, and grid storage. With a digital energy demand can be shaped off-peak.

GE Unveils Nucleus™ and Brillion Home Energy Management

GE also unveiled Nucleus™, an affordable, innovative communication and data storage device that provides consumers with secure information about their household electricity use and costs so they can make more informed choices about how and when to use power. Nucleus is expected to be available for consumer purchase in early 2011 at an estimated retail price of $149-$199.

GE’s Nucleus brings the promise of the smart grid into consumers’ homes. As utilities deploy smart meters, the Nucleus will collect and store a consumer’s household electricity use and cost data for up to three years and present it to consumers in real-time using simple, intuitive PC and smart phone applications, helping consumers monitor and control their energy use.

Nucleus is the first product in GE’s Brillion™ suite of smart home energy management solutions that will help consumers control their energy use and costs. In addition to Nucleus, GE’s Brillion suite will include a programmable thermostat, in-home display, a smart phone application and smart appliances for the entire home.

By 2012, US utilities are expected to install more than 40 million smart meters. These digital meters enable utilities to charge “time-of-use” rates for electricity throughout the day. When demand is low, electricity will cost less, and when demand is at its “peak,” utilities will charge more to encourage off-peak consumption.

Future Brillion options will also include alerts to assist consumers with daily tasks, such as when to change the refrigerator’s water filter or when the dryer cycle ends. Software upgrades will further enable Nucleus to monitor water, natural gas, and renewable energy sources, as well as plug-in electric vehicle charging.

$10 Billion Ecomagination R&D

GE is driving a global energy transformation with a focus on innovation and R&D investment to accelerate the development and deployment of clean energy technology. Since its inception in 2005, 92 ecomagination products have been brought to market with revenues reaching $18 billion in 2009. With $5 billion invested in R&D its first five years, GE committed to doubling its ecomagination investment and collaborate with partners to accelerate a new era of energy innovation. The company will invest $10 billion in R&D over five years and double operational energy efficiency while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and water consumption.

CEO Immelt expects over 30 new ecoimagination product announcements in the next 24 months, including the GE Watt Station EV charger.

$200 million Challenge

CEO Jeff Immelt said, “No one is better at commercialization better than GE.” He does recognize that the innovation for that commercialization can come from a surprising range of innovators outside of GE. He announced a stunning $200 million open innovation challenge that seeks breakthrough ideas to create a smarter, cleaner, more efficient electric grid, and accelerate the adoption of more efficient grid technologies.

This funding from one company compares with the United States ARPA-E proposed budget of $300 million for next year.

The global challenge invites technologists, entrepreneurs and start-ups to share their best ideas and come together to take on one of the world’s toughest challenges – building the next-generation power grid to meet the needs of the 21st century. The challenge is one of the largest ever and is open immediately at www.ecomagination.com/challenge.

“Innovation is the engine of the global effort to transform the way we create, connect and use power,” Immelt said. “At GE we have invested broadly and deeply in digital energy solutions and see this as a substantial market for us, but we can’t do it alone. We want to work with our partners to make sure we have a comprehensive digital energy offering. This challenge is about collaboration and we are inviting others to help accelerate progress in creating a cleaner, more efficient and economically viable grid. We want to jump-start new ideas and deploy them on a scale that will modernize the electrical grid around the world.”

The Challenge, launched in collaboration with leading venture capital firms Emerald Technology Ventures, Foundation Capital, KPCB, and RockPort Capital, and Chris Anderson, Editor-in-Chief, Wired magazine, is part of GE’s ecomagination initiative, a global commitment to build innovative clean energy technologies and will help fund the most promising ideas. Proposals are sought in three, broad categories: Renewables, Grid and Eco Homes/Eco Buildings. Submissions can now be made. On September 30, the submission process closes, with awards announced on November 8, 2010.

GE is accelerating the commercialization of innovative systems that can reduce our dependency on oil, shrink our emissions of the greenhouse gases that create dangerous climate risks, and facilitate the efficient use of energy.

GE Bets 10 Billion on Digital Energy including Electric Car Charging is a post from: Clean Fleet Report

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Toyota Prius PHV Fights Chevy Volt

By John Addison (7/16/10; original 7/6/10)

As the world leader in hybrid cars, Toyota is fighting to extend that leadership in both plug-in hybrids and battery electric cars. In plug-in hybrids, GM plans on first mover advantage with the Chevy Volt. In electric cars, the Nissan LEAF has a sizable lead over the Toyota FT-EV. But Toyota has more cars on the road with electric motors, advanced batteries, and electric drive systems than all competitors put together. Toyota does not like second place.

In talking today with Toyota’s Cindy Knight, she assures me that Toyota is on track on all fronts. A number of U.S. fleets are already driving the new 2010 Toyota Prius PHV including the following:

• San Diego Gas and Electric
• Zipcar Washington DC
• Ports of New York and New Jersey
• Silicon Valley Leadership Group
• Portland State University
• Qualcomm
• Southern California Air Quality Management District

By year-end, 600 Prius PHV will be on the road including 150 in the United States. A number will be in 18 month lease programs. In one prefecture in Japan, the Prius PHV can be rented by the hour. Ten of the Prius PHV will be part of Xcel Energy’s SmartGridCity program in Boulder, CO. Boulder residents will participate in an interdisciplinary research project coordinated by the University of Colorado at Boulder Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), a new joint venture between the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the University of Colorado at Boulder.

During the test of 600 plug-in hybrids, Toyota will be receiving extensive wireless data from each vehicle, giving a near realtime profile of electric range, frequency and speed of charge, mileage, use, and reliability of the cars. Aggregated data will be posted on Toyota’s EQS Website

By 2012, Toyota will offer customers with a wide-range of vehicles with fuel efficient drive systems. The Prius will be the best seller, but the 2012 Toyota Prius PHV will be in demand from those who want to be greener with a 14 mile electric range. A compact hybrid will help the more price conscious buyers. The Toyota Camry Hybrid will continue to be offered. Lexus hybrids will continue to deliver at least 35 mpg along with their host of luxury appointments.

Ford will also offer customers a wide-range of fuel efficient and electric cars, starting with a Ford Focus that customers can buy as with ecoboost fuel economy, or as a hybrid, or as a plug-in hybrid, or as a pure battery electric. Ford will expand this range of offerings to other lines in the years past 2012.

Toyota’s Transition to Lithium Batteries

The 2010 Prius PHV has three lithium-ion battery packs, one main and two additional packs (pack one and pack two) with a combined weight of 330 pounds. In contrast, the Prius NiMH battery pack weighs 110 pounds. Each battery pack contains 96 individual 3.6 V cells wired in series with a nominal voltage of 345.6 V DC.

When the PHV is fully charged the two additional battery packs supply power to the electric motor. Pack one and pack two operate in tandem with main battery pack but only one at a time on the individual circuit. When pack one’s battery’s charge is depleted, it will disconnect from the circuit and pack two will engage and supply electrical energy to the drive line. When pack two has depleted it will disconnect from the circuit and the vehicle will operate like a regular hybrid. Pack one and pack two will not reengage in tandem with the main battery pack until the vehicle is plugged in and charged.

The Prius PHV’s larger HV battery assembly requires additional cooling. The vehicle is equipped with three battery-cooling blowers, one for each of the three battery packs. Each battery pack also has an exclusive intake air duct. One cooling blower cools the DC/DC converter.

Like all Toyota hybrids, the lithium-ion batteries are built to last for the life of the vehicle. Toyota is using lithium not NiMH batteries in its Auris hybrid. Mercedes, Nissan, Ford and others have announced hybrid plans using lithium. Will 2012 be the year that Toyota offers a hybrid Prius with lithium batteries? Toyota is not yet ready to say.

Toyota has a number of advanced battery R&D programs with nickel-metal, lithium-ion and “beyond lithium” for a wide variety of applications in conventional hybrids, PHVs, BEVs and FCHVs. Toyota uses Panasonic and Sanyo battery cells. When Panasonic acquired Sanyo, Toyota increased its ownership to over 80 percent in the Panasonic EV Energy Company which makes prismatic module nickel metal hydride and lithium-ion battery packs. Toyota also owns about 2 percent of Tesla, a major Panasonic partner.

Toyota FT-EV an Urban Electric Car

In 2012, city drivers will have fun with the Toyota FT-EV, a pure battery-electric car. Currently Smart car drivers are saving $20 per day squeezing into parking spaces too big for other cars. By 2012 Smart Fortwo and the Smart Electric Drive will have competition from the Toyota FT-EV which is over 4.5 feet shorter than the Prius. For the microcompact space, Smart is introducing an electric version, as is Mitsubishi with the iMiEV. All these cars can squeeze in four people with skinny waists.

Toyota’s FT-EV is an electric vehicle with a 50-mile range and a maximum speed of 70 mph. The lithium battery pack can be charged in 2.5 hours with a 220/240 volt charge and in less time if not fully discharged.

Report: Top Plug-in Hybrid and Electric Car Makers

Toyota Fights for Leadership in both Plug-in Hybrids and Battery-Electric Cars is a post from: Clean Fleet Report

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(7/1/10)

Matches 2008 Investment Record

The Cleantech GroupT and Deloitte released preliminary 2Q 2010 results for clean technology venture investments in North America, Europe, China and India, totaling $2.02 billion across 140 companies.

Cleantech venture investment was up 43 percent from the same period a year ago. The number of deals recorded in 2Q10 was down from a record high of 192 in 1Q10, but still represents a strong quarter by historic standards. This completes 1H10, up 65 percent on 1H09.

Corporate activity around cleantech innovation has continued to play an important role in maintaining the levels of investment activity. Corporations are becoming key participants in many of the largest venture and growth capital investment rounds. Strong corporate involvement was evident again in the quarter’s top ten deals: Intel Capital, GE Capital, Shell, Votorantim, Alstom, and Cargill Ventures all contributed, the latter two making their first publicly disclosed venture-stage investments in cleantech.

Corporations have multi-faceted roles in cleantech. Any single utility or multi-national could play any or all of the following roles – investor, partner, customer, acquirer, or competitor. As such, their activity levels are a key indicator of the health and growth of the broader market for clean technology products. The strengthening of corporate commitment to renewable energy and broader cleantech are evident in the strong growth of multi-national corporate and U.S. utility investment for the first half of 2010 :

• 1H10, total announced capacity additions by U.S. utilities increased 197 percent compared to 2H09, from 1,393MW to 4,134MW, primarily driven by wind and solar.
• Power purchase agreements (PPAs) rose 148 percent in 1H10, compared to 2H09, from 621MW to 1,539MW, likely due to the pressure of meeting Renewable Portfolio Standards in many U.S. states.
• Corporate investment announcements from the global corporates tracked reached a new high of $5.1 billion in 1H10, a 325 percent increase from the same period last year.

“The significant strengthening of corporate and utility investment into the cleantech sector, relative to 2009, is very encouraging, given the key role they will play in enabling broader adoption of clean technologies at scale,” said Scott Smith, partner, Deloitte & Touche LLP and Deloitte’s clean tech leader in the United States. “Major U.S. utilities are increasing direct investments in wind and solar due to improving cost scenarios, favorable tax credits and incentives, and evolving pressure to meet Renewable Portfolio Standards. Meanwhile, the largest global companies are seeing the business case for operational cleantech integration, leading to record corporate investment. This uptick was driven by companies looking to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions in order to reduce operational costs, mitigate energy price volatility risk, drive sustainable growth, and comply with existing and pending regulations around carbon and climate change risk disclosure.”

VENTURE INVESTMENT BY TECHNOLOGY SECTOR

The leading sector in the quarter by amount invested was solar ($811 million), followed by biofuels ($302 million) and smart grid ($256 million). Energy efficiency was the most popular sector measured by number of deals, with 31 funding rounds, ahead of solar (26 deals) and biofuels (13 deals). The largest transactions in these sectors were:

SOLAR – $811 million in 26 deals

Solyndra, a California-based thin film company raised $175 million from existing investors instead of following through with its planned IPO. BrightSource Energy, a California-based developer of utility-scale solar thermal power plants, raised $150 million in Series D funding from new investors Alstom and the California State Teachers Retirement System (CalSTRS) as well as existing investors; the deal followed a conditional commitment from the U.S. Department of Energy for $1.37 billion in loan guarantees that was made in February and Amonix, a California-based developer of concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) solar power systems, raised $129.4 million in a Series B round led by Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers.

BIOFUELS – $302 million in 13 deals

Amyris Biotechnologies, a California-based developer of technology for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals, closed the final tranche of a $61 million Series C round and also raised a further $47.8 million from Temasek Holdings; Virent Energy Systems, a Wisconsin-based developer of a catalytic bio-refinery platform, raised $46 million from Shell and Cargill Ventures; and Kior, a Texas-based developer of a catalytic cracking technology for turning biomass into bio-crude, raised $40 million.

SMART GRID – $256 million in 11 deals

Landis+Gyr, a Switzerland-based smart metering company, raised an

Landis+additional $165 million from Credit Suisse to add to the $100

Landis+million it raised in mid-2009, while OpenPeak, a Florida-based

Landis+developer of home energy management products, raised $52 million

Landis+from Intel Capital and existing investors, and GreenWave Reality

Landis+a Denmark-based developer of home energy management products,

Landis+raised $11 million from Craton Equity Partners and other

Landis+undisclosed investors.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY – $147 million in 31 deals

Nualight, an Ireland-based developer of LED illumination products for refrigerated displays in food retail, raised $11.4 million from Climate Change Capital Private Equity, 4th Level Ventures and ESB Novus Modus. This was the largest deal in the energy efficiency category after OpenPeak ($52million, as above).

VENTURE INVESTMENT BY WORLD REGION

North America accounted for 72 percent of the total, while Europe and Israel accounted for 24 percent, India 3 percent, and China for 2 percent.

NORTH AMERICA: North American companies raised USD $1.46 billion, down 11 percent from 1Q10 but up 47 percent from 2Q09. The total of 76 disclosed rounds was high by historic standards, but down by 41 percent from the record 128 in 1Q10. As the most significant region for VC investment, the sector trends broadly match those described globally. The largest deals were for Solyndra ($175 million), a California-based thin film solar company, BrightSource Energy ($150 million), a California-based developer of utility-scale solar thermal power plants, and Amonix ($129.4 million), a California-based developer of concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) solar power systems. California led the way, with $980 million (67 percent total share) in investment, followed by Massachusetts ($124 million, 8 percent).

EUROPE/ISRAEL: European and Israeli companies raised USD $476 million in 54 disclosed rounds, up 48 percent (by amount) from 1Q10 and up 100 percent from 2Q09. The largest deals were for Swiss smart grid company Landis+Gyr ($165 million) and French solar plant developer Fonroche ($66.1 million). The large growth capital deal for Landis+Gyr places Switzerland ($165 million, 1 deal) at the top of the country league table, followed by France ($82 million, 11 deals), and Norway ($59 million, 4 deals). The UK had the most deals (17) with investment totaling $59 million.

CHINA: Chinese companies raised USD $30 million in 5 disclosed rounds. The largest deal was for Prudent Energy, a developer of flow batteries, which raised $10 million from JAFCO Investment Asia, Mitsui Ventures and CEL Partners.

INDIA: Indian companies raised USD $59 million in 4 disclosed rounds. The largest deal was for Krishidhan Seeds, a producer and distributor of hybrid seeds for the farming industry, which raised $30 million from Summit Partners.

 GLOBAL M&As AND IPOs

There were 19 clean technology IPOs during the quarter, totaling $2.31 billion, up slightly from 18 IPOs in 4Q09, also totaling $2.31 billion. China accounted for the majority of transactions, with 12 offerings, which raised a combined $1.73 billion (75 percent of the overall total). There were three North American cleantech IPOs in 1Q 2010, which raised a total of $304 million, the lion share netted by the high-profile $226m IPO of Tesla Motors on June 29, 2010.

However, the largest global cleantech IPO recorded during the quarter was Origin Water, a China-based developer of membrane filtration systems for municipal and industrial sewage treatment and recycling, which raised $370 million from an offering on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The company’s share price more than doubled during the first day of trading, valuing the company at about $3.3 billion.

Clean technology M&A totaled an estimated 160 transactions in 2Q10, of which totals were disclosed for 45 transactions totaling $6 billion. Two of the most significant deals were in smart grid: Swiss engineering company ABB acquired U.S.-based software maker Ventyx for more than $1 billion to provide it with broader access to the utility enterprise management market; and Maxim Integrated Products acquired U.S.-based smart meter semiconductor company Teridian Semiconductor for about $315 million in cash.

TOP GLOBAL VC INVESTORS

2Q10 Most Active Cleantech Venture Investors (# investments)

• Carbon Trust Investment Partners 6 = Helveta, Green Biologics, Intamac Systems, ACAL Energy, Arieso, Concurrent Thinking,
• Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers 4 = Amonix, Amyris Biotechnologies, Fisker Automotive, EdeniQ
• Angeleno Group 3 = Amonix, Coda Automotive, EdeniQ
• Draper Fisher Jurvetson 3  = BrightSource Energy, EdeniQ, Scientific Conservation
• Khosla Ventures 3 = Coskata, Amyris Biotechnologies, Sakti3

The Cleantech GroupT, providers of leading global market research, events and advisory services for the cleantech industry, along with Deloitte, which provides audit, tax, consulting and financial advisory services to cleantech companies, released these preliminary 2Q 2010 results for clean technology venture investments in North America, Europe, China and India, totaling $2.02 billion across 140 companies.

Clean Technology Venture Investment Increases 65 Percent in First Half of 2010 is a post from: Clean Fleet Report

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